(Camponotus rufipes)

The ants communicate with each other through chemical compounds called pheromones. For example, when a work ant finds food on the way to the anthill - she recognizes through points of reference and the position of the sun -where to leave chemical marks that other ants will follow. On other hand, an ant that is crushed leaves a pheromone of alarm that, if in a large concentration, causes the ants that are close by to attack.

Like other insects, ants smell with the antennas. Ants often communicate, or exchange messages, by touching antennae, or feelers, and pheromones that are present provide information on the state of hunger for each one; that can lead to trofalaxia, or regurgitating the food to the other. The queen produces a special pheromone that indicates to the workers to begin to create new queens.

Carpenter ants are social insects. None of the ants live on their own. They have nocturnal habits

Ants can communicate with each other by touching their feelers

The stinger is lacking in the workers of this species. However, they emit a strong odor of formic acid. The colonies may be very large. A typical colony may contain approximately 2,500 workers, a single queen, and some males.

SPECIAL CONDUCT

Carpenter ants are not aggressive but they can bite when handled.
The carpenter ant workers are more active at night as well as during the summer, when the weather is hot. They often leave the colony in the late afternoon and search for their food at night, returning over to the nest only in the early morning hours.

Carpenter ants dig their galleries in the wood grain following the softest parts. The hard parts are left intact and act as a wall to support the gallery. The ants keep their tunnels and their very own rooms. They remove notched wood; which they push out of the nest. These wastes accumulate and form small piles of sawdust under the entry holes of the nest, which provides an indication of the presence of ants. The dust particles are in the form of filaments. The small pile of waste can also contain soil particles, dead ants, pieces of insects or leftover food.

In the females, the antennas are formed from several articles and have a great mobility. The end of the antennas can be brought back until the front head. This allows rich antennae communication with other individuals. The workers antennaes are also used to touch the larvae at the time of the feeding and transport, as well as exploring potential sources of food. The ants often clean these olfactory and tactile bodies using small brushes located on their front legs.

The carpenter’s ants find the way of the nest by sight and sense of smell. They seem to have a better developed sense of sight than other ants and they use visual reference marks to orient themselves. They also create chemical tracks by marking their way using odorous substances called pheromones. This is why one sees them most of the time passing by again at the same place.

The full development of a colony of carpenter ants takes a few years. At the end of the first year, the Queen is surrounded by six to twelve small workers. During the second year, the number of workers increases and some major workers appear. New rooms are carved into wood to get the brood (eggs and larvae). In one room are the queen, her eggs and young larvae. In another one, we find older larvae that must be fed regularly. In a third, the cocoons are in a crowded jumble; prénymphes and nymphs do not feed. After a few years, the population of a single colony reaches 2000 or more. Some males and females are produced annually and soar in the spring.

A mature colony has a main nest and nest satellites (up to ten). The main nest, which shelters the queen, eggs and larvae of the first stage is always located near a source of moisture. The satellite nests may contain mature larvae and nymphs, as well as winged adults. In nature, a colony can occupy several trees, but only one shelters the queen and eggs. Nest satellites are connected to the main nest by tunnels dug in the ground by workers.

When the queen dies, the production of females ceases. The colony still remains for a year or two, here, the workers raise the remaining larvae. Gradually, the workers die. If the colony reaches below a certain critical number of workers, the settlement is completely disorganized and eventually disappears.

Human and ants

The ants are helpful because they can help exterminate harmful insects and reduce the gaseous state of the ground. On the other hand, they can become a pest when they invade the houses, gardens and fields under cultivation.

The “carpenter - ants” destroy the wood to make their nests.

Ant guests and “spongers”

Since ants are social insects and live in nests where there is both food and shelter, it is not surprising that a number of “guest” insects move with them. There are many of these ant guests. They are called myrmecophiles, meaning “ant- loving”.

Tiny crickets, cockroaches, beetles, fly larvae, and some spiders live with ants.

Carpenter Ants Enemies

Ants live by the millions all over world, so it is not surprising that plenty of animals eat them.
Many other small mammals, birds, lizards, insects, and spiders eat them when they get the chance. So ants need to defend themselves and each other.

Most people do not like ants. They see them as a nuisance, and in some countries they have good reason to think so.